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Thirdly, retrospective or case cohort studies have shown statin use is associated with a reduced decline in lung function in cigarette smokers[ 18] and reduced exacerbation rates, hospital admission and mortality in patients with COPD[ 19].
The presence of HIV-specific proliferative responses was not associated with a reduced decline in CD4 count during TI.
Considering the increased probability of fatal events as FVC decreases [ 11, 18], a reduced decline in FVC in real-world practice with pirfenidone is clinically important.
In adjusted mixed models, exercise was associated with both a reduced decline in FEV1 (p < 0.001) and BMI Z-score (p = 0.001) for adults, but not children aged 10 17 years old.
However, a recent larger prospective study of exercise in children with cystic fibrosis (n = 212) did see an association between increased habitual physical activity and a reduced decline in FEV1 [ 22].
Although many previous randomized control trials of aerobic exercise have not seen a significant benefit to FEV1 with exercise, we did observe a reduced decline in FEV1 for adults who exercised compared to those who did not.
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An increase of 0.35% per year with exercise compared to the adjusted baseline FEV1 decline was observed, giving a reduced FEV1 decline of -1.68% per year with any exercise, but this was not statistically significant (p = 0.59).
A trend towards improvement, or reduced decline, was also seen in rivastigmine-treated patients compared with placebo on the 10-item Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI-10), the 4-item NPI (NPI-4), the Global Deterioration Scale GDSS) and the Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study-Activities of DaiLivinging (ADCS-ADL) scale [ 9].
16– 19 Statin therapy is also associated with a reduced cognitive decline in patients with elevated serum cholesterol, although this relationship has been inconsistent.
UCn2 gene transfer was also associated with a reduced Ca2+ decline time (t½, Tau) in cardiac myocytes from mice with heart failure 5 weeks after UCn2 gene transfer p=0.001; Fig. 3C and D).
Whilst a report on the 1-year clinical follow-up of a subset of 30 immunized AD patients from the phase IIa study suggested evidence of a reduced cognitive decline in patients who generated antibodies against β-amyloid [ 86], a 1-year follow-up of all patients showed no significant findings on clinical outcomes [ 87].
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