The rapid pace of innovation we are experiencing, plus the low costs of starting a company and the reasonable availability of venture capital, add up to a large number of startups fighting for survival in very close quarters.
However, the deployment of eAdministration or eGovernment services requires a reasonable level of availability and accessibility, as citizens have to perceive that online services indeed improve their relations with Public Administrations.
It is noteworthy to know that a new draft of the Helsinki declaration is formulated and is geared towards a development of a new version of the Helsinki Declaration the draft has a recommendation for amendments on the wordings of reasonable availability and benefit sharing [ 31].
The approach also delineates that fairness of benefit is concerned with how much benefit is given to the participants or community, not what type of benefit they accrue as in the case of reasonable availability [ 33].
As a result, in 2002, the CIOMS guidelines 27 expanded beyond the reasonable availability requirement to include possible provision of treatments for conditions unrelated to the trial.
Since most trials with investigational medicines yield negative results, the reasonable availability requirement implies that the participants of these trials are not entitled to any benefits, despite the fact that they are exposed to risks and burdens.
Reasonable availability can be seen in the light of justice as reciprocity.
Reasonable availability was added to the 2000 version of the Helsinki declaration, although it was limited to study participants and did not cover the host community (table 1).
Secondly, justice as reciprocity also provides a justification for benefit sharing in international research considering the "reasonable availability" viewpoint.
In an attempt to counter this concern the Council for International Organisations of Medical Sciences CIOMSS) introduced the "reasonable availability" requirement into its 1993 ethical research guidelines.
