Even for speakers older than 60, many showed a predominant [l] realization rate of over 75%, pushing the original [z]/[dz] realization to a minor status (Ang 洪惟仁 2003, 2012; Hung 洪慧鈺 2007).
The three-way competition among [z]/[dz], [l], and before an unrounded high vowel/glide is age-dependent, and is especially intense between the former two, with being a rather minor form, the realization rate of which hovers only around 10% at most for all age groups (Ang 洪惟仁 2003, 2012).
The realization rate of target gamut gives an indication that how fully the equipment gamut covers the target gamut.
In this way, it is tried to be defined which load cases have been used in the analysis of designed buildings before 1998 according to the realization rate.
The realization rate for [z]/[dz] hovers around 10% only and that for is virtually nonexistent.
However, the [L] realization rate for jiû in this study was in fact fairly comparable to that of rounded environments.
Furthermore, this article uses realization rate of target gamut and gamut efficiency to evaluate the laser TV's display performance.
As in the Chôan dialect, the realization rate of [l] is in general negatively correlated with speaker age, while that of [z]/[dz] is positively correlated.
In order to get a good display effect, the intersection volume should be close to the target gamut volume so that the realization rate of target gamut is close to 100%.
Therefore, the realization rate of target gamut and the gamut efficiency [12, 13] are defined for the displayers as formulae (4) and (5) follow: Realization rate of target gamut = V Equipment gamut ∩ V Target gamut V Target gamut × 100%% (4) Gamut efficiency = V Equipment gamut ∩ V Target gamut V Equipment gamut × 100%% (5).
