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This position assumes that the Massachusetts system increased marginal labor income tax rates in the state by roughly the same magnitude that the Affordable Care Act will increase them in the United States (by marginal labor income tax rate, I mean the extra taxes paid, and subsidies forgone, as the result of working, expressed as a ratio to the total compensation from working).
Ratio of education enrollment to total population represents the enrollment in primary, secondary, and tertiary education expressed as a ratio to the total population.
Expressing the number of people who consider a region to be insecure as a ratio to the total number of people, produces a number between 0 and 1, where a value close to 0 means that the region is considered to be secure, and a value of close to 1 means that the region is considered to be insecure.
To normalize for the variability of luciferase expression in transfected cells, the relative luminescence values in each cell compartment were expressed as a ratio to the total potential luminescence measured on equal aliquots of the same lysed cells with a luciferase assay kit (Promega, Madison, USA) in the presence of excess ATP.
To quantify NR2E3 and ESR1 expression as a ratio to the total expression of each protein, antibodies from Aviva (ARP39069) and Neomarkers (RM-9101-S1, Sigma) were used (Fig S5 of Supporting Information).
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Phospho-protein signals were expressed as a ratio to the corresponding total protein, and the total proteins were expressed relative to actin in the same sample.
To account for concentration differences, the total integral of each spectrum was normalized to 10000 and each peak represented as a ratio to the normalized total integral.
The concentration of insulin was quantified by ELISA and was expressed as a ratio to the concentration of total protein in islets.
Using this software the density of the active Rho band was expressed as a ratio to the density of the total Rho band.
Each band, representing a membrane protein fraction, is presented as a ratio to the combined density of the total membrane fraction (bands 1 7).
German physiologist Ernst Heinrich Weber had discovered that the amount of change in magnitude of a given stimulus necessary to produce a just-noticeable change in sensation always bore an approximately constant ratio to the total stimulus magnitude.
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