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A ratio above one indicates a relative increase in publications over time, while a ratio below one indicates a relative decrease in publications.
A ratio below one indicates negative (purifying) selection, restricting amino acid changes that could interfere with a well-established protein function, while ω = 1 suggests that the gene evolves neutrally.
The expected frequency of a GO category is We propose to use the ratio of observed to expected frequencies as a rough indicator of enrichment; a ratio above one indicates that the GO category is enriched in the sample with respect to its average expectation, while a ratio below one indicates a depleted GO category.
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To filter for this phenomenon, we excluded regions with a log2 ratio below one standard deviation of the median log2 ratio of all BRAF mutation-specific regions in the BRAF wildtype group.
The variables in the multivariate logistic regression were coded so that an odds ratio below one should be interpreted as a favourable outcome, whilst an odds ratio above one should be regarded as unfavourable.
This SNP has an odds ratio below one in the Toxoplasma gondii seropositive group and the opposite in the seronegative group as assessed by separate logistic regression analyses with an additive model (Table 4).
Out of 146 patients, 88 (60.3%) had an APTT ratio below one at the time of admission, whereas 58 patients had an APTT ratio of one or more.
Finally, those Patients with an APTT ratio below one at presentation showed resistance to heparin therapy and were more likely to be subtherapeutic at 6 and 24 h of their admission; however, this difference disappears in the subsequent hours.
Here, we used the d N/d S ratio as a proxy for selective constraint, as most of the genes have a ratio well below one and so are not likely to be under positive selection.
Most of the samples have Na+/Cl− molar ratio below one, indicating that halite dissolution was the major process.
All blank milk samples tested negative (all ratios > 1.0), although for one out of 29 blank goats' milk and for one out of 31 blank ewes' milk samples a ratio below 2.0 was obtained.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com