People normally pay a tax of 6.2 percent of their earnings for Social Security up to a certain income level (a rate reduced under the payroll tax cut) and 1.45 percent on all their earnings.
In the dynamical equations of the previous section, pathogens transmit into hosts with memory of prior infection at a rate reduced by γ.
Patients in Unit C were admitted to hospital 2.97 times per year in years 1 2 of EPR deployment, a rate reduced to 2.01 in years 3 7.
The null alleles, were successfully inherited from male gamete for both loci, although at a rate reduced from the expected 50% frequency (Additional file 4, lines 3 to 6).
Furthermore, as we will show in this paper, it is straightforward to obtain a rate-reduced version of a slightly modified version of the Rulkov model.
Three main advantages of using ODs in an SD-OCT system are an ultrafast A-scan rate, reduced sensitivity roll-off, and linear- k spectral detection.
The germ cells, the sperm, and unfertilized egg showed high tolerance to AgNPs and with a survival rate reduced by 37 and 39% at EC50.
First, a lower interest rate reduces a currency's relative expected return, so it has to cheapen until expected future appreciation overcomes the unfavorable interest rate differential.
Proponents also advocate a reduced dislocation rate, reduced impingement issues, and ease of revision of acetabular component, head, or neck.
Here, we present a rate-reduced model that is based on a slight modification of the Rulkov map (Rulkov [14], Rulkov et al. [15]), a phenomenological, map-based single neuron model.
