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The relationship developed can be used practically to assess the structural damage in the design stage of tunnel constructions under a range of tunnel field conditions.
The stability for a range of tunnel geometries and soil conditions are found using rigid-block upper bound methods as well as finite element limit analysis.
The relationship developed was compared with observed field cases, and the results indicated that it can be used practically to assess the structural damage in the design stage of tunnel constructions in a range of tunnel field conditions in clay soils.
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This is illustrated by studying data from tests conducted in a range of European wind tunnels.
Solutions for a range of soil properties and tunnel geometries are obtained for situations in which the tunnel is wider than it is high.
The engineered products operation of Trelleborg Offshore & Construction, based in Ridderkerk, The Netherlands, is supplying a profile from its range of tunnel segment gaskets for the "extension line 5" project of the Metro system in St Petersburg, Russia.
The excavation size has a significant impact on both the displacement values and influenced range of tunnel.
However, the relative distance only impacts the displacement values of tunnel, but not the influenced range of tunnel.
Figure 9b shows the uplift of the tunnel along the longitudinal axis for various B. As shown in Fig. 9b, the uplift and influential range of tunnel's deflection increases with the excavation width.
Various PVP PAA formulations were examined rheologically and in a wind tunnel, across a range of sub-zero temperatures.
The sound radiated by rigid cylinders placed transversely in a uniform stream has been measured in an anechoic wind tunnel over a range of Mach numbers (M= 0.09 0.2).
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