A common feature of these models is the concept of 'co-creating' knowledge between researchers and practitioners, using a range of different participatory approaches.
It illustrates a range of existing participatory initiatives with working children, analyses the impact of participation on their lives and provides recommendations for improving inclusive interventions with working children.
The Council of Europe Guidelines (Recommendation CM/Rec 2008) proposes a wide range of participatory methods, stressing the exchange of ideas between local people affected by spatial planning on one hand, and scientists and experts possessing technical knowledge on the other.
For the community workshop and focus group discussion, a range of tools from participatory rural appraisal were used such as historical timelines, seasonal calendars, and matrix scoring and ranking.
To identify and assess participants' responses to multiple climate- and livelihood-related stresses, these authors used a range of tools from participatory rural appraisal (PRA), such as fodder calendars, resource maps, and historical timelines.
The BCERC COTC members represented a range of experience in community-based participatory research; few had training in basic science.
Taket and White [ 17] drew particular attention to the range of participatory appraisal methods developed within international development practice by the participatory movement closely associated with the work of Robert Chambers.
Finally, a range of methods drawing on the broader field of participatory research and appraisal [ 72] involves engaging policymakers and researchers in reflection on the nature of policy processes and the influences on them.
