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For CO modelled error amount, a range of error types were simulated and effects on risk ratio bias and significance were observed.
By modelling instrument imprecision and spatial variability as different error types, we estimate direction and magnitude of the effects of error over a range of error types.
To assess a range of error types, simulations were generated with values of σIn Z / σIn Z* ranging from that of error type C to that of type B (eq. 10) for the case of an amount of error representative of CO (= 0.411).
By modeling combined instrument imprecision and spatial variability over a range of error types, we are able to estimate a range of effects of these sources of measurement error, which are likely a mixture of both classical and Berkson error types.
We characterize measurement error due to instrument imprecision and spatial variability as multiplicative (i.e. additive on the log scale) and model it over a range of error types to assess impacts on risk ratio estimates both on a per measurement unit basis and on a per interquartile range (IQR) basis in a time-series study in Atlanta.
In addition, simulations of CO measurement error only were generated for a range of error types with σIn Z / σIn Z* values between error types C and B. Scatterplots demonstrate that C and B error types defined on a log basis (i.e. In Z - In Z*) are independent of In Z* and In Z, respectively (see Additional file 3, Figure S1).
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We explored the magnitude of this bias in sensitivity analysis assuming a range of error variances.
Acute care skills education may be enhanced by encouraging medical educators to consider the range of potential error types, and their relationships to particular tasks and subjects.
The teaching of acute care skills may be enhanced by encouraging medical educators to consider the range of potential error types, and their relationships to particular tasks and subjects.
A range of accommodation types are available.
The lily family has a range of seed types.
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