Other studies have found similarly wide size ranges for young BKT (McFadden 1961; Hutchings 1996), suggesting that a wide range of emergence dates may be common in BKT (Snucins et al. 1992).
Under these conditions we predict a lower threshold size for smolting and predict YOY maturity for a very restricted range of emergence dates and growth rates that are slightly earlier and faster than those predicted to lead to maturity in the Mokelumne.
Although SIMPLE can still be improved, it gives reasonably accurate predictions that could be used in addition to field experiments to evaluate the effects of a range of sowing dates on emergence over a wide range of soil and climatic conditions.
Unless there is very strong growth compensation of newly-emerged fry, the wide range of emergence dates will produce broad size ranges in the first few months of life.
There is a range of factors, not least the emergence on to the world stage of a new generation of African runners whose legs and training environment have made them optimal athletes.
Anthropogenic land use changes drive a range of infectious disease outbreaks and emergence events and modify the transmission of endemic infections.
Human-induced land use changes are the primary drivers of a range of infectious disease outbreaks and emergence events and also modifiers of the transmission of endemic infections (Patz et al. 2000).
The importance of Egr1 in such a range of systems, together with the emergence of Atf3 as a negative feedback regulator and the co-regulation of the two genes in many situations, raises the possibility that the Atf3 Egr1 negative feedback loop is of broad general significance required to restrict expression of Egr1 and maintain a normal growth response.
Given that the studies selected for synthesis were from different countries, at different time periods, using different populations, and including a range of different family circumstances, the emergence of a number of core themes experienced by all the studies allows wider application for the current findings.
Another management target with likely strong ecological and evolutionary responses, size-dependent harvest (Conover and Munch 2002; Olsen et al. 2004; Thériault et al. 2008), not only will directly reduce body size range of older fish, but it could also indirectly limit the range of emergence dates if larger fish spawn earlier.
