Exact(60)
A random factor of 1 : 4 was used (ie, allocation included 20% randomness).
For all analyses, participant ID (including intercept) was modelled as a random factor.
In these two cases, the results are reported for GLMMs that do not include slope as a random factor.
Data was analysed using linear mixed effect models with cow as a random factor: *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01.
The model included interactions and Participant was used as a random factor.
To avoid pseudoreplications, identification of the photo was included as a random factor in the model.
Participants were specified as a random factor to control for their associated intraclass correlation.
Observation-level random effect (OLRE) is a random factor that accounts for overdispersion in the model.
Tree was included as a random factor.
Caller identity was treated as a random factor.
The 20 maternal trees were used as a random factor.
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