Exact(4)
The electronics, mounted on the outer chamber face, together with the chamber itself amounts to 1.2% of a radiation length.
While its total thickness is only 1.5% of a radiation length, it consists of four planes and provides two measurements of ionisation loss in each of the two projections.
The mirrors have a radius of curvature of ∼2700mm, a high reflectivity of ∼90% in the 200 600 nm wavelength band, a low areal density of ∼5kg/m2 equivalent to ∼1.2% of a radiation length.
A 1.0 m Kapton cable with cross hatched ground plane, effective bandwidth of 4.976 gigabits per second, 0.0160% of a radiation length, and no detectable radiation-induced mechanical or electrical degradation is obtained.
Similar(56)
This geometry leads to a detector having a calculated radiation length of 0.69 cm, a Molière radius of 1.73 cm, and a measured intrinsic sampling resolution term of (11.8±1.1)%/√E(GeV), in the range 1.5 3.5 GeV.
To ensure a high radiation length a thinning technology based on direct wafer bonding is proposed.
bCALET-2 is a calorimetric instrument composed of a 3.58 radiation length thick tungsten-scintillating fiber imaging calorimeter (IMC) and a 13.4 radiation length thick bismuth germanium-oxide calorimeter (TASC).
ATIC's design centers on an 18 radiation length (X0) deep bismuth germanate (BGO) calorimeter, preceded by a 0.75λint graphite target.
The requirement to achieve an average perpendicular radiation length of 1.5% X0, while coping with up to 7 W dissipation per module (after irradiation), leads to stringent constraints on the thermal design.
The produced mirrors have a thickness equivalent to 0.55% of radiation length, and an optical slope error of about 5.5 mrad.
This low power dissipation allows the PXL detector to be air-cooled, and with the sensors thinned down to 50 μm results in a global material budget of only 0.4% radiation length per layer.
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