Sentence examples for a proxy marker for from inspiring English sources

The serotonin precursor 5-hydroxy-l-[β-11C]tryptophan ([11C]HTP) is in clinical use for localization of neuroendocrine tumors and has been suggested as a proxy marker for pancreatic islet cells.

The high inter-correlations suggest that the PGC can also act as a proxy marker for mood and hence depression, as has been done in some studies [7].

The induction of metallothionein genes has been used previously as a proxy marker for copper excess, and Ctr1B induction as a marker for copper deficiency [15].

The validation of IGRAs to detect LTBI suffers from the lack of gold standard, so active TB disease has often been used as a proxy marker for LTBI [4].

Likewise, while it is known that both TNF-α and IFN-γ are essential for controlling mycobacterial infections [8] [11], the use of either factor alone as a proxy marker for disease or immunity has been unsatisfactory [12], [13].

This will be used as a proxy marker for poor mobility or frailty.

We therefore assessed parasite densities as a proxy marker of fitness.

There may also be simultaneous coexposure to other environmental chemicals that contribute to the effect on testicular descent; the pesticide measurements may represent a proxy marker (sentinel) for other exposures, such as brominated flame retardants.

The ratio of the lengths of the second and fourth digits (2D∶4D) is a sexually differentiated trait believed by many to be fixed in utero, and thus, a possible proxy marker for prenatal androgen activity.

Further study is needed to identify biomarkers for those more toxic compounds or to establish whether TCAA is a valid proxy marker for any of them, Richardson says.

In addition, the notion of 'race' itself is often used as a crude proxy marker for presumed biological and social differences, and therefore, research in this area would be better informed with social science input 203.