However, we observed only an insignificant increase in mating success (as a proxy for decreased choosiness) in our couples of virgin copepods with time (Fig. 2A).
We analyzed the effects of cumulative thermal stress regarding coral growth, as well as color changes (evaluated using a standardize reference card) as a proxy for decreases in symbiont density and chlorophyll a content (i.e. bleaching).
Assuming that this decline is a consequence of the accumulation of damage in the stalked cell, we used it as a proxy for estimating how fitness decreased with increasing damage.
The validity of dispensed allergy medication as a proxy for allergy incidence might thus decrease with age, since it is likely that adults buy over-the-counter medication for e.g., allergic rhinitis without seeing a doctor, and dispensed medication may then represent a small selection with more severe disease.
To test our expectations we compared the score change between tests of initially high and low-scoring students as a proxy for an increase or decrease in study effort.
We found that the 'classic' α are better suited than the 'new' α as a proxy for solar activity for periods of decreasing α and vice versa for periods of increasing α.
However, the altitude of the 1500 cm −3 density level, a proxy for the top of the ionosphere, decreased steadily by 74±12 km over the course of the primary mission.
Furthermore, using data from a recent genome-wide association study of two Croatian isolated populations (n = 1,879), we identified a proxy for rs6583817 that associated significantly with decreased plasma Aβ40 levels (ß = −0.124, p = 0.011) and total measured plasma Aβ levels (b = −0.130, p = 0.009).
Orders for nonmilitary capital goods excluding aircraft, a proxy for business investment in equipment and software, decreased 3.7percentt after a 5.2percentt rise the previous month.
The absorbance at 254 nm (Abs254), a proxy for DOM aromatic nature, indicated that aromaticity decreased with depth and lower biomass-C inputs (i.e. W-W ≥ Pg/O-W ≥ Ftill-W).
