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Here, our focus is on the more proximate question of how people decide which age they feel to be the right one for the beginning of their childbearing.
Their argument was that understanding evolution was useful for medical students, practitioners and scientists because it complemented the answers to the proximate questions that biomedical and clinical disciplines asked ("What is the mechanism of disease?") with ultimate answers ("Why and how has the mechanism evolved?").
These are good evolutionary questions; they are fundamentally different from proximate questions.
The distinction between evolutionary and proximate questions was emphasized by Mayr (1982), but it was Tinbergen's (1963) article that outlined the four questions that must be answered to provide a full explanation for any biological trait.
In the development of mathematical models for proximate questions about multimodality, it would be helpful to design models that can predict how multimodal components could be combined or that can predict response outcomes of different combinations (Partan and Marler 2005).
It is the subjective knowledge of the plaintiff, however, that is relevant in determining whether a breach of the manufacturer's duty is a proximate cause of the injury in question.
All other kinds of motion were violent motion and required a proximate cause.
From this observation he deduced that bodies do not need a proximate cause to stay in motion.
Having found that the failure to warn was not a proximate cause of Graves' injury, the jury did not answer question four.
The developmental processes through which songbirds acquire their species-typical songs have been well-studied from a proximate perspective, but less attention has been given to the ultimate question of why birds learn to sing.
2. Was the Arm & Hammer Baking Soda product defective by reason of its failure to warn about possible stomach rupture? 3. Was the failure to warn a proximate cause of plaintiff's consumption of Arm & Hammer Baking Soda on the night in question?
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com