There were some differences in the definitions of provoking factors in the three included cohorts.
It is possible that corrosion and ion release at the trunnion may be a provoking factor.
Cancer was the most common provoking factor in the STAC cohort and is associated with 18.9% of all the VTE events, followed by immobilization (15.1%) and surgery (14.6%).
Reliable, systematic and extensive data on symptoms, age of onset, attack frequencies and duration, relevant comorbidity, specific provoking factors including different hormonal factors in females, and effect and use of medication, both abortive and prophylactic, were thereby obtained.
In analyses of provoked factor, anaerobic exercise is most prompted cause of the headache (67%).
In 22% of the cases the owners reported that anxiety/hyperactivity/stress could act as a seizure provoking factor.
In eleven dogs (22%) the owners reported that anxiety/hyperactivity/stress (e.g. working under conditions with a demand for high performance or aggressive behavior towards other dogs), could sometime act as a seizure provoking factor.
A provoked event in the STAC cohort required that one or more of the following provoking factors were present: overt cancer at the time of the VTE event, recent trauma or surgery, marked immobilization, travel, acute medical condition, or other risk factors described by the physician in the medical record such as intravascular catheters.
With the growing elderly population in South Africa and changing life styles, chronic diseases have become a primary factor provoking a rise in medical costs and decreased quality of life [ 4].
In most cases (n = 52, 72 %), we did not find any provoking factor for the occurring seizures in children with known epilepsy.
