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This study presented how the Vietnamese teachers in a programme of Teacher PD interacted with a primary science curriculum designed according to a social constructivist perspective and made appropriate for Vietnamese CHC.
The implementation of any new curriculum needs to be accompanied by a programme of Teacher Professional Development PDD) (Coll and Taylor 2012), which requires interaction between teachers and new curriculum, as a way to bridge the ideal curriculum and the operational curriculum (Van den Akker 2003).
Based on the arguments above, this study aims to answer the following research question: In a programme of Teacher PD, how do Vietnamese teachers interact with a primary science curriculum that is based on a social constructivist perspective and made appropriate for a CHC?
In order to track how CHC teachers could change towards a social constructivist approach through their interaction with the designed curriculum in a programme of Teacher PD, basic characteristics of a social constructivist teacher and a CHC teacher were needed to describe.
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A: They have a programme of their teachers working with teachers in the state primary schools in Manchester.
While the first-order barriers are being resolved with school and government initiatives, a programme of professional development for teachers, as one of the most tangible approaches to capacity building, was provided throughout 2014 2015 school-year as a strategic intervention.
"We are providing a range of support to both primary and secondary schools to deliver science within Curriculum for Excellence, including giving the Scottish Schools Education Research Centre additional funding for a programme of professional learning for teachers, which offers support for practical activities".
The programme of Teacher PD was adapted from a framework for empowering teachers to teach innovative units (Stolk et al. 2012).
In this programme of Teacher PD, knowledge of the establishment of learning communities with a facilitator (the first author) and the teachers as critical co-designers (Agung 2013) was also adapted and applied.
It also describes the background to a current large scale UK project which has been set up to design with teachers a programme of high quality group work in classrooms at both primary and secondary phases.
Fig. 1 The framework of the programme of Teacher PD (in relation to Table 2); T1 is teacher #1.
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