The English physician and philosopher David Hartley announced in his Observations on Man (1749) that a certain "ingenious Friend" had shown him a solution of the "inverse problem" of reasoning from the occurrence of an event p times and its failure q times to the "original Ratio" of causes.
The problem of reasoning is treated by an approximate reasoning approach, called the transferable belief model.
This arrangement offloads the convergence time and complexity problem of reasoning process during run-time.
We address the problem of reasoning about preferences among properties (outcomes, desiderata, etc). in Reiter's default logic.
Then, we show that the problem of reasoning about only knowing in the propositional case lies at the second level of the polynomial hierarchy.
Then, we approach the problem of reasoning with the NMDP framework by proposing two types of agent: norm-compliant and self-interested.
With regard to this issue, we consider UML class diagrams, which are one of the most important components of UML, and we address the problem of reasoning on such diagrams.
Fuzzy logic was initially proposed to cover the problem of reasoning under uncertainty.
In contrast to the previously studied problem of reasoning about static scenes with very simple visual features, this work has developed a new system for explaining interactions between people in complex, dynamic scenes.
(This is in fact exactly what Fangzhen Lin does in his 1995 papers [Lin 1995].) Once we have a set of tentative conclusions about the causal structure of the world, we can use Reichenbach's insight to enable us to localize the problem of reasoning by default in the presence of known abnormality.
This approach, described in Sandewall 1994, uses preference semantics as a way to organize nonmonotonic solutions to the problems of reasoning about action and change.
