Sentence examples for a primary host from inspiring English sources

There are two distinctive characteristics in the aphid life cycle: first, seasonal alternation of food plants involving a primary host (typically a perennial) during the winter and a secondary host (an annual) during the summer; second, there is alternation between sexual and asexual cycles, with eggs resulting from sexual mating and living young, usually females, being produced asexually.

To gain a better understanding of how schistosomes initiate a primary host immune response we have characterised the host lung response to migrating Schistosoma japonicum schistosomula using a combination of histopathology, microarray analysis and real-time PCR.

This may suggest that the distribution of ZEP genes is a result of early duplication of ZEP in a primary host, before the secondary endosymbiosis occurred.

Conversely, A. planipennis is not reported to be a major pest in Asia, where Manchurian ash (F. mandshurica Rupr) is a primary host [9].

However, reports indicate that A. planipennis is rarely considered a pest in Asia [19], [20], where Manchurian ash (F. mandshurica Rupr) is a primary host [21], [22], and infestations appear restricted to stressed trees [23].

Tumor-infiltrating MCs (TIMs) are considered a primary host immune response against cancer.

The LPS of H. pylori, which displays Lewis blood-group (Le) antigens, is a primary host-interacting structure, and several lines of evidence indicate that it is involved in host-adaptation and virulence [ 50].

One important counter-indication to this scenario, however, lies in the fact that most neodermatans, prior to the development of the neodermis, hatch as fully or partially ciliated larvae (miracidia or oncomiracida) which spend their earliest minutes-to-hours searching an aquatic medium for a new primary host in a functionally free-living dispersive mode.

Like B. anthracis and Y. pestis, R. felis could have acquired its pRF plasmid in a serendipitous event that allowed for colonization of a new primary host (flea) as well as a range of secondary vertebrate hosts, a mechanism recently proposed to explain "host jumping" in pathogenic bacteria [62].

In the case of Toxoplasma gondii, the parasite appears to have hit on the perfect method for puppeteering a common primary host — the rat.

HEV infection acquired in these areas differs from that in developing countries in a number of important aspects: it is caused by genotype 3 (and 4 in China and Japan); it most commonly affects middle-aged/elderly males; it is zoonotic with a porcine primary host.