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Prior to the emergence of the 027/BI/NAP1 strain in the early 2000s most surveys of C. difficile strains documented a prevalence of binary toxin genes of < 10%.
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Achieving this sample size would have been more than sufficient to report a prevalence of 50% for binary responses to SAQ questions with a precision of±10%.
Geric et al. were able to identify a prevalence of at least 2% binary toxin-positive genes in isolates that did not possess toxin A and B genes.
At each follow-up time-point the prevalence of binary and categorical physical, psychiatric, social and occupational outcomes will be described using percentages (and 95% Confidence Intervals).
To ensure detection with a power of 80%% of binary prognostic factors with a prevalence of 33%% and an expected OR of 1.5 and a probability of death of approximately 18%%, 1636 patients should be included in this study [ 60].
This scenario (Table 3) invokes a binary environmental exposure with a prevalence of 0.2 (20%).
For the combined genetic effect, assuming a binary variable (≥1 rare allele versus no rare alleles) with a prevalence of 0.5% amongst controls, the power is 13% when the OR is 2.0 and 40% when the OR is 3.0.
Based on a multivariable model, with binary UCd exposure (using a median cut) as a risk factor yielding a prevalence of 50%, the odds ratio was 2.0.
It has a prevalence of 3- 5%.
We develop a predictive model-based approach to estimate the prevalence of a binary outcome for both the sampled and non-sampled individuals, using hierarchical Bayesian models that take into account the sampling weights.
Figure 1 shows the prevalence of this binary high/low psychological distress variable by EI disease zones.
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