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Age has been reported inconsistently as a predictor of drinking behaviour [ 23- 26].
In conclusion, while prior studies have established that trauma history is a predictor of drinking behavior among pregnant women [ 19], [ 20], this study is the first to demonstrate that trauma history can also alter the relationship between drinking behavior before and after pregnancy recognition.
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Religious affiliation is a strong predictor of drinking behavior in South Africa among both genders, where studies consistently observe that Christians imbibe and Muslims abstain [ 13, 18].
As such, we are only able to determine the performance of the shortened AUDIT variations in comparison to the full AUDIT, rather than as a predictor of harmful drinking per se; agreement does not infer accuracy of either the shortened versions or AUDIT-10 as a predictor of hazardous drinking or high-level drinking problems.
We also used self-reporting of intention to drink in a future pregnancy which is a useful predictor of drinking in pregnancy [ 37], but is not the same as actually drinking during pregnancy.
Research conducted in Western contexts suggests that a key predictor of drinking during pregnancy is a woman's pre-pregnancy drinking profile [ 13, 14].
Marital status is a significant predictor of drinking during pregnancy.
Wu and Delva [ 30] reported that the use of internet at home has no effect on drinking but the use of computers in internet cafés was a strong predictor of drinking among women.
Since a known predictor of drinking during pregnancy is drinking behavior before pregnancy, this study explored the relationship between women's drinking levels before and after pregnancy recognition, and whether traumatic experiences – childhood abuse or recent intimate partner violence (IPV) – moderated this relationship.
After controlling for cognitive factors, depressive symptoms were not a significant predictor of problem drinking.
Among women, the reported frequency of drinking was a predictor of their mental health condition and physical problems; this was not found in other studies.
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