Because uracil pairs with DNA bases like a thymine (T), the change is essentially a C to a T. "The novelty of the work is that they've fused these two proteins together to come up with a precise editing system," said Kris Saha, an assistant professor of biomedical engineering at the University of Wisconsin-Madison who was not involved with the work.
One, Miller says, might be a precise way to eliminate a single microbial species while leaving its neighbors untouched perhaps with a targeted nanoparticle or the precise editing of a key gene.
By engineering different zinc fingers and attaching them to a gene cutting enzyme, researchers have created precise editing tools that can snip a specific piece of the genome and insert a new gene.
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One prominent example where the precise editing of only a small genomic motif may result in a valuable trait is the wheat Lr34 ABC transporter, which confers durable resistance to multiple fungal pathogens (Krattinger et al. 2009).
Using examples from classics like The Big Lebowski, Barton Fink, Raising Arizona, and No Country for Old Men, he points out how the Coens and their go-to cinematographer Roger Deakins pack tons of information into simple reverse shots using a wide angle lens and incredibly precise edits.
It has other potential advantages that may enable more precise editing of more places in a genome.
Probably the latest and more revolutionary advancement in this field was the creation of a new family of molecular tools that allows precise editing of virtually any desired genomic sequence (Gaj et al., 2013; Nemudryi et al., 2014), starting from the seminal 2006 paper on zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) (Wright et al., 2006) to the most recent introduction of CRISPRs (Mali et al., 2013).
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Finally, this work elucidates a strategy for using "error-prone" DNA-repair machinery to generate precise edits.
