Meanwhile, the law may have a pre-emptive effect, said Richard Moe, president of the National Trust for Historic Preservation.
Such a difference that persists past the duration of action of mepivacaine could be evidence of a pre-emptive effect of the regional anaesthesia [ 4].
In several ways this may result in a certain pre-emptive effect on some forms of dislocation.
To adapt to this case our language in Shaw, "[s]ome state actions may affect [airline fares] in too tenuous, remote, or peripheral a manner" to have pre-emptive effect.
The Senate Commerce Committee Report does not offer a different interpretation of the pre-emptive effect of H. R. 10729.
It is not certain that an agency regulation determining the pre-emptive effect of any federal statute is entitled to deference, cf. Smiley v. Citibank (South Dakota), N.A., slip op. at 8, but one pertaining to the clear statute at issue here is surely not.
I write separately to emphasize the Court's statement that "we have no occasion in this case to consider the pre-emptive effect of a specific agency regulation bearing the force of law". Ante, at 24.
In 2006, the agency finalized the rule and, without offering States or other interested parties notice or opportunity for comment, articulated a sweeping position on the FDCA's pre-emptive effect in the regulatory preamble.
In the period before our decision in Wheaton, the pre-emptive effect of the Patent/Copyright Clause was also a matter of serious debate within the legal profession.
Once more, isolated passages of legislative history that were themselves insufficient to establish a pre-emptive congressional intent do not by themselves establish legislative goals with pre-emptive effect.
And it is possible that such determinations would have pre-emptive effect.
