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The third term is a positive feedback term in which a stimulates its own production.
In addition, there is a positive feedback term in which C42a stimulates it own activation (k1 term).
There, recruitment of Cdc24p to the membrane depends on a cooperative term that is a function of Gβγ, (
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The result is that the positive feedback term has a dependence on both a and u (Fig. 1C).
Within the positive feedback term, there is a Hill cooperativity parameter h.
First, we ran simulations in which we removed the inner loop by setting h = 0 for the Bem1 positive feedback term; there was a total loss of polarization with lower levels of active Cdc42 on the membrane.
The gain of the positive feedback was adjusted through the parameters k 1 and h in the positive feedback term.
With respect to the production of a, the parameters k 0 and k 1 modulate the balance between the input ultrasensitivity term and the positive feedback term.
As noted before (16,17) IL-2 removal is dominated by its endosomal degradation following binding to its receptor and internalization of the complex, which is modeled by the term - B i · a B in Eq. 2. IL-2R production rate following TCR induction is given by the positive feedback term in Eq. 4, m· g f ·(B /(B + K f ), with a maximal synthesis rate of m· g f and half saturation at B = K f.
The two generic amplification mechanisms are an ultrasensitive dependence on the input u (k 0 term), and a positive feedback loop (k 1 term).
Alternatively, cancer cells may also produce growth factors to which they are responsive, creating a positive feedback signaling loop often termed autocrine stimulation [ 139].
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