So for each weakly compact cardinal κ (including κ = ω) the approximants of level κ in the transfinite type theory just outlined make up a model of set theory with extensionality, generalized positive comprehension, and the closure property.
Positive comprehension is motivated superficially by an attack on one of the elements of Russell's paradox (the negation): a positive set theory will be expected to support the axiom of extensionality (as usual) and the axiom of (generalized) positive comprehension: for any (generalized) positive formula φ, {x | φ} exists.
We mention that we are aware that positive comprehension with the additional generalization of positive formulas allowing one to include set abstracts {x | φ} (with φ generalized positive) in generalized positive formulas is consistent, but turns out not to be consistent with extensionality.
Taguchi et al. reported, among other things, a positive proficiency effect on comprehension accuracy, an effect of implicature type on comprehension accuracy (e.g., implicatures encoded through indirect refusals were the easiest to comprehend compared with implicatures conveyed through conventionalized linguistic forms and non-conventionalized utterances).
The children were using their reasoning skills to analyse films, and it had a positive effect on their comprehension of texts.
For transfer and comprehension performance a positive small-to-medium effect size (r = .17, 95% CI [0.11, 0.22]) favoring signaled multimedia material was found, which was moderated by prior knowledge.
Various studies suggest that strategy instruction has a positive impact on learners' listening comprehension (Cross, 2009; Graham and Macaro, 2008; Lotfia, Maftoon, and Birjand, 2016; Thompson and Rubin, 1996).
Studies also show that familiarity with the speaker's speech characteristics, such as the speaker's accent, also have a positive influence on our listening comprehension, for both native and non-native listeners [9, 10].
For example, the ADHD children's improvement on several WISC-III subtests after drug treatment in this study was incompatible with the results of another study that found a positive effect of MPH on the verbal comprehension index [ 35].
Both the structure and selective-attention design guidelines had a positive influence on text structure understanding, essential contents comprehension and usability of digital text.
A positive relationship between LIFG activation and auditory single word comprehension scores approached statistical significance (r = 0.57, P = 0.056).
