First, divestment is not a policy tool, but a campaigning strategy.
So as a policy tool for helping people out of poverty it is hard to defend.
Despite the enormous public-works projects of the New Deal, F.D.R. didn't formally adopt deficit spending as a policy tool.
Beijing has so far relied heavily on so-called reserve requirement ratios for lenders as a policy tool.
More importantly, from 2015 the Clean Energy Future Act would introduce a cap on carbon emissions, a policy tool of greater significance than the price alone.
What central bankers need is a policy tool that can target financial overheating directly while minimising the impact the policy has on real, productive investment.
He had diagnosed the evils of negative real interest rates at a time when they were used as a policy tool independent of monetary considerations.
Yet the biggest advantage, and somewhat terrifying disadvantage, to inflation as a policy tool is that it can be instituted without any politicians' involvement.
Since the 1990s, competition policy's importance has increased, both in its spread to ever more segments of the economy and in its prominence as a policy tool.
"Energy should not be used for a policy tool, but it is," said Vladimir Milov, president of the Institute of Energy Policy, an independent research organization in Moscow, and a former deputy minister of energy.
According to the author of this critique of gross domestic product as a metric and as a policy tool, "Only in economics is endless expansion seen as a virtue.
