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Early twentieth-century Calcutta was not just a point of passage within the British Empire, but a key center of colonial power; a crucial laboratory of imperial repressive practices cultivated and applied elsewhere.
The Dajabon border crossing is one of the main border crossings where this commerce occurs, and also acts as a point of passage where Haitian migrants frequently enter and exit the Dominican Republic.
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It explores the various phases of translation to transform a specific KTO into an obligatory point of passage, reaching the institutionalisation of actors, practices and routines.
By revealing the problem to others and how it can be overcome, this actor is trying to put forward an idea and become indispensable, an obligatory point of passage to reach the solution of the identified problem.
The central actor is KTO1, and the centralities of the other actors have a relative understanding to the office as an obligatory point of passage.
KTO1 was institutionalised as a formal university division and was seen as an obligatory point of passage in the TH.
The centre would become an obligatory point of passage in the region for the implementation of innovative projects.
The study focused on the emergence of KTO1 as an obligatory point of passage in KT within its territorial scope.
KTO1 is an obligatory point of passage in the region, but the stabilisation of the actor-network was temporary and has not yet reached an advanced stage of institutionalisation. Initiatives to promote KT maintain a high degree of amateurism and are highly dependent on the individual initiatives of staff rather than being consolidated in the collective dynamics.
Given its physical location, the centre was assumed to be an obligatory point of passage for the actors already engaged in KT boundary activities, such as the promotion of intellectual property rights, the preparation of applications for collaborative R&D and the applications for financing infrastructures for science and technology.
It lacks physical constraints, but also circumstantial contiguities; all points of passage through it have to be, in some sense, primed.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com