Stratified analysis (Mantel–Haenszel method) was used to pinpoint effect modification via the Breslow Day test of heterogeneity.
Shanto Iyengar, director of the Political Communication Lab at Stanford, said there were so many kinds of images and other stimuli in a political commercial that it was notoriously difficult for any kind of research to pinpoint effects.
Patrick Warren used a Chamberlin -- an old mellotronlike keyboard -- for surreal approximations of clarinet or strings; John Sands on drums deployed brushes, bongos and triangles for pinpoint effects.
Because this was a case study of a single policy issue, it is difficult to pinpoint the effect of issue characteristics.
"We've not been able to pinpoint a definite effect, but my gut is that absolutely there's an effect," said Dominique Raccah, above, chief executive of Sourcebooks, a publisher in Naperville, Ill.
Compared to the existing literature, this design has the advantage that we can pinpoint the effect of migrating, while keeping the effect of origin country and culture constant.
We could pinpoint the effect of the Pink1 siRNA to an off-target effect by reconstituting a mutated Pink1 that could not be knocked down.
In an attempt to pinpoint the effects of these cytoplasmic signalling molecules on global gene expression in cultures without added oestrogen, we compared BCAR3 and BCAR1, and BCAR3 and ZR-75-1, directly on microarrays, and calculated the gene expression relation between BCAR1 and ZR-75-1 as a virtual experiment.
With the small number of accessions studied with respect to gene expression, it is difficult to confirm that there is a direct correlation between these parameters or to pinpoint the effect of specific polymorphisms on gene expression.
And research from the Barbara Lee Foundation pinpoints a pedestal effect, where when a woman running for office fails to meet a high bar set for her she is disproportionately dinged by the public, more than her male counterparts).
Regulators are still grappling with whether the rise of high-speed firms has been a net benefit or loss for investors, so it is hard to pinpoint what effect the decline of these firms will have on the markets.
