She took hundreds of individual portraits of inmates at the three prisons, patiently shooting killers, rapists, drug dealers and petty offenders in a neutral way that honors their identities.
The corporation established a workhouse which combined housing and care of the poor with a house of correction for petty offenders.
The big rise in prisoner numbers since the mid-1990s has been driven mostly by a move to lock up more petty offenders for longer.
His passionate advocacy for juvenile-prison reform — and his well-reasoned argument that a poorly run system can punish petty offenders far more severely than their crimes merit — occasionally turns the plot into a polemic.
Mark Oaten, Kennedy's home affairs spokesman and increasingly close confidant, today calls for a new approach of 'tough liberalism' to counter such threats - including plans for a form of 'neighbourhood justice' where petty offenders are judged by their peers.
Crowding out Mr Blair goes big Reprints Related items Guns in Nottingham: Disorganised crimeOct 14th 2004These results are worse than those achieved in many European countries, or in America's "drug courts", which try to set petty offenders straight through a combination of stern words and affirmation.
And other countries marry nonviolent rules of engagement with effective law enforcement; Germany, for example, imposes strict limits on the use of force to arrest petty offenders, and the entire German police, governing a population of 80 million, fired only 85 bullets in 2011.
Often, this means charging petty offenders — such as those with traffic debts — for a government service that was once provided for free.
For petty offenders and violent criminals alike, the length of a prison stay increased by more than a third over the past two decades, a period of time in which the prison population doubled, according to a report by the Pew Center on the States.
"If you compare the results of a community penalty with a short prison sentence, you can see why the justice secretary wants to keep petty offenders out of prison and paying back in the community," she said.
First-time petty offenders will face community resolutions.
