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No significant effect of metoprolol on trigeminal pain processing was observed, suggesting a peripheral effect of metoprolol.
The authors' conclusion was that it could be a peripheral effect of the drug because "sumatriptan is a selective 5-HT (1B/1D) receptor agonist that does not cross the blood brain barrier" [60].
The poor differential maps of Ethanol treated animals are unlikely to be explained by a peripheral effect of ethanol to the visual system [9], with Ethanol treated animals presenting visual acuity similar to controls (supplemental material, Results S1, Figure S2).
Two studies showed that methylnaltrexone attenuates the morphine-induced delay of gastric emptying, suggesting that gastric emptying is a peripheral effect of opioids.
Indeed, we hypothesize a peripheral effect of NSCs, which secrete neuroprotective factors at the skeletal muscle level, on the maintenance of NMJ integrity; however, experimental demonstration is still needed.
As an equivocal ameliorative peripheral effect on joint inflammation was suggested by our findings, the current results do not exclude a peripheral effect of glucuronidated curcuminoids, which were high, but as has been shown in mice [ 21], not likely to penetrate the blood brain barrier.
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29, 30 A direct peripheral effect of somatostatin analogues at a hepatic level has also been suggested to control the GH IGF-I axis, and may provide an explanation for the discordant GH IGF-IGF-I suppression found in some paxisnts receiving these drugs.
This finding also suggests the role of a peripheral effect as an early mechanism in hypertension development.
These results indicate that an equal dose of CM will not produce an equivalent peripheral effect of cocaine.
A recently recognised peripheral effect of opioids and their receptors is the promotion of angiogenesis-dependent tumour growth.
However, adult studies have shown a more clearly peripheral effect of clonidine versus its systemic effect [ 2, 3, 7, 24] indicating a challenge to us for further investigation of clonidine administered in distal peripheral blocks in children.
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