Neutral differentiation generally reflected a pattern of distance-restricted gene flow, and in the context of demographic factors, population clustering was relatively intuitive within and among regions (clustering by subbasins, DPS, etc).
To determine whether weedy population genetic structure followed a pattern of isolation by distance, Dc genetic distance matrices were correlated with geographical distance matrices using a Mantel test in FSTAT version 2.9.3.2.
In contrast, other studies found no indication of a deviant pattern of distance effect, despite a significantly shorter RT [ 39].
The Diversity index showed a decreasing pattern of distance from Q1 to Q4, consistent with the pattern revealed by % poverty, % unemployment, and % less than HS education.
These findings are in line with previous studies which examined distance effect in DD participants and did not find a different pattern of distance effect as compared to control groups [ 39].
Along the Skagerrak-Kattegat-Baltic salinity gradient there is a pattern of isolation by distance, and a significant correlation between genetic distance and salinity also when geographical distance is corrected for (Bekkevold et al. 2005).
For species like F. heteroclitus that are non-migratory, genetic differences at neutral loci should accumulate over time and generate a pattern of isolation by distance (IBD), whereby differentiation among populations increases with geographic distance [ 21].
Population differentiation conformed to a pattern of isolation by distance (IBD).
This hypothesis is supported by the fact that we could not detect a pattern of isolation by distance.
Urban rodents presented a pattern of isolation by distance; in the rural habitat this pattern was present only along the border of a secondary road, but not over the entire area surveyed.
We observed in both SNPs and haplotype analysis, a significant correlation (P = 0.004 and P = 0.001), indicating a pattern of isolation by distance in the Ogliastra genetic pool (figure 6A and 6B). Figure 7 shows the Neighbor Joining tree computed with Reynolds [53] genetic distances from allele (7A) and haplotype frequencies (7B).
