These results suggest a pathway that integrates initiation of vascular development and testis cord morphogenesis, and lead to a model in which undifferentiated mesenchyme recruits blood vessels, proliferates in response, and performs a primary function in the morphogenesis and patterning of the developing organ.
In addition, systems pharmacology analyses of such a pathway that integrates NOTCH, WNT, AD, and apoptosis-related genes suggest magnesium (Mg2+) and rapamycin for further therapeutic exploration in the context of autism; two compounds/drugs that therapeutic use have already been discussed for different AD models.
The alterations in cell morphology induced by bolA seem to be mediated by a complex pathway that integrates PBP5, PBP6, MreB, and probably other regulators of cell morphology/elongation.
Another aging hallmark is deregulated nutrient sensing via the IGF-1/AKT/mTOR axis, an evolutionary conserved growth signaling pathway that integrates nutrient signals to regulate cell growth [48].
As PHYA is the predominant phytochrome type in etiolated seedlings, and because the ASN1 misregulated molecular phenotype of cli186 is more pronounced in etiolated seedlings, CLI186 may function as a downstream component of the PHYA pathway that integrates L and C signaling pathways.
Mammalian target of rapamycyin (mTOR) is a downstream serine/threonine kinase of the PI3K/AKT pathway that integrates signals from the microenvironment such as cytokines, growth factors, and nutriments to regulate multiple cellular processes, including mRNA translation, autophagy, metabolism, growth and survival.
8, 9 Therefore, mTOR is the central nexus in a series of signaling pathways that integrate intracellular nutrient, energy, and redox needs with extracellular amino acid, nutrient, growth factor, and cytokine availability.
The transition to flowering is mediated by a complex network of pathways that integrate both environmental and developmental signals [ 8] so it is not surprising that some gene functions are conserved, whereas other genes appear to have evolved distinctive functions to meet the specific floral transition requirements within a particular species.
Among the intracellular pathways that integrate mechanical and hormonal signals, MEF2 (myocyte enhancer factors-2, members A to D) transcription factors play prominent roles in the regulation of cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling[8], [9], [10].
She, Q.-B. et al. 4E-BP1 is a key effector of the oncogenic activation of the AKT and ERK signaling pathways that integrates their function in tumors.
