A major difference between MPTP-induced parkinsonism and idiopathic PD is time of progression for symptom development, thus it is possible for acute nature of MPTP toxicity paradigm used in this and other studies precludes pathological interaction between α-synuclein and MPTP toxicity [24], [25].
Al-Zhoughbi et al 1 defined "tumor macroenvironment" as the pathological interaction between the tumor cells, as well as the tumor microenvironment, with other organs and systems of the body, which emphasizes the influence of tumors on the whole body.
These specific behavioral and neurological changes occur, not exclusively, owing to focal brain abnormalities associated with parasite cyst localization, but might be a result of pathological interactions between different brain areas.
A balanced view of psoriasis, therefore, appears most justifiable, in which psoriasis is understood as a cutaneous/immune hybrid disease, dependent upon pathological interactions between KCs and immune cells, as well as interactions among the immune cells themselves.
We suggest that there is a likely need to explore the biological and pathological interactions between UCP, telomerase and shelterin regulatory pathways.
There are biological, as well as pathological, interactions between neuropeptide substance P, which is a modulator of neuroimmunoregulation, and opiates [ 38].
We predict that the ability to tissue engineer a morphologically intact and functional large-volume bone organ with a humanized bone marrow compartment will help to further elucidate physiological or pathological interactions between human HSCs and their native niches.
We here investigated the potential of modulating pathological interactions between cortical motor areas by means of repetitive TMS using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and dynamic causal modeling (DCM).
Additionally, brain insulin signaling may be altered in AD, leading to pathological interactions between the receptor for advanced glycation end products and Aβ peptides.
