This can only be accomplished by extracting certified reference materials (CRMs) or, if none are available for a particular type of sample, some other well-characterized material that has been analyzed by an experienced reference lab [ 25, 74].
The 'taxon assignment data' are a particular type of sample metadata, which indicate the taxonomic identification of a (taxon-specific) field unit and all its derivatives, including the taxon name, typification, name of identifying scientist, date of determination, synonymizations and determination history.
Studies can be retrieved by selecting a particular type of biological sample, exposure, or outcome of interest.
The technology is based on the use of a particular type of nonuniform sampling strategy.
A particular type of distance sampling is cue counting (Hiby & Ward, 1986), in which instead of detecting animals, one detects cues produced by them.
Although this novel approach is based on the somewhat fortuitous constancy of the sum of Fe and Mn concentrations (32.9 ± 3.3%) in this particular type of sample, extension to other materials would appear to be quite feasible.
But one doesn't usually choose one's workplace primarily for insurance reasons, so an insurer covering a whole workplace can expect a less biased sample of workers not a random cross-section of society, since the particular workplace will attract a particular type of person, but at least a sample that isn't as biased toward the sick.
We investigate both of these types of data coding, introduce a method for sampling a particular type of scene with high efficiency, and present strategies for overcoming a specific type of implicit data encoding which is detrimental to ''pure" image estimation known as speckle.
For example, tumor samples of a particular type of tumor may contain groups that are separable based on proliferation rate, cell death rate, size, invasiveness, dominance of glycolytic enzyme pathways, etc. Variant groups within a population do not qualify as classes if it can be shown that the differences between the groups can be accounted for by transient differences in a tumor's biology.
The aim is to later perform a nested-case control study, where specimens from subjects with a particular type of cancer (cases) and specimens from a random sample of subjects without the cancer (controls) are tested for various molecular markers.
Third is the problem of "selection bias," where the sample of a poll is methodologically skewed towards a particular type of respondent.
