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At the other end of the spectrum, VW showed a pair of pure electric models, the e-Up! and e-Golf.
The focus is placed on a doubly degenerate system which possesses a zero eigenvalue and a pair of pure imaginary eigenvalues: that is, coupled flutter and divergence bifurcation.
From the averaged equations obtained, the theory of normal form is used to derive the explicit expressions of normal form with a double zero and a pair of pure imaginary eigenvalues.
Four types of critical points are considered, which are characterized by a double zero eigenvalue, a simple zero and a pair of pure imaginary eigenvalues, and two pairs of pure imaginary eigenvalues including resonant and non-resonant cases.
Based on the averaged equations, theory of normal form is used to give the explicit expressions of normal form associated with a double zero and a pair of pure imaginary eigenvalues by Maple program.
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When I finally opened the door, I found, to my astonishment, a pair of pure-white, radiantly glowing Levi's.
During his trip to the Emirates last month, he watched a race organized especially for him by Sheikh Mansur, and received as gifts from the crown prince a pair of pure-bred Arab horses.
Three degenerate cases are considered, wherein the linearized model of the system has two zero eigenvalues, one zero eigenvalue and a pair of nonzero pure imaginary eigenvalues, or two distinct pairs of nonzero pure imaginary eigenvalues; while the remaining eigenvalues are stable.
For a planar dynamical system, if the origin is an elementary critical point and the linearized system at the origin has a simple pair of pure imaginary eigenvalues ±iω, ω > 0, then, under a small perturbation of the parameters, a small amplitude limit cycle can be created in a small neighborhood of the origin.
A pitch difference limen test was conducted using a pair of single harmonic pure tones with 1, 3, and 6 semitone intervals.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com