Please note that many of the resources organized in this guide were created many years ago by non-Native individuals and some of the language used is not culturally appropriate or sensitive.
Native students face more challenges starting out than non-Native individuals.
The Dollar General store sits on the Choctaw reservation, land considered Indian Country (the legal term used by the federal government) and the legal question is whether tribal courts here have the civil jurisdiction to try non-Native individuals who commit crimes there.
Natural selection can lead to local adaptation, allowing individuals to have higher relative fitness in their native habitat compared to non-native individuals [ 1, 2].
In the case of human-mediated interpopulation transfers, local population sizes and the number of non-native individuals transferred are generally known.
Population-level local adaptation (hypothesis 2) corresponds to the expectation that fitness will be higher for native individuals at their home-site than for non-native individuals at the same site (Endler 1986; Schluter 2000; Kawecki and Ebert 2004).
Our data suggest that in this hybrid swarm, environmental variation (e.g., pond hydroperiod) is likely important in balancing selection for highly non-native individuals, and thereby maintaining higher frequencies of native genotypes.
These samples were used to validate the temporal stability of genetic characteristics within populations never stocked with non-native individuals as contemporary samples were also collected as described above.
Thus, we cannot rely on immigration to rehabilitate declining populations, since non-native individuals will have lower fitness and therefore are less likely to be successful in their new environment.
In contrast, all reintroduced populations were admixed and harbored compound hybrids (Fig. 7, Table 4), but with a significantly lower proportion of admixture (t-test; t222 = −13.15, P < 0.001) and of pure non-native individuals (chi-square test; = 73.56, P < 0.001) and hybrids ( = 32.26, P < 0.001) in the NSH distribution range compared with the BH range.
Homogenization of genotypes can still occur with the introgression of introduced alleles and loss of native variants, but the effects on parental populations are asymmetrical since gene flow from "pure" individuals is unidirectional (assuming that there are not frequent subsequent introductions of non-native individuals).
