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The proper reaction to a negative external shock is to loosen fiscal policy, not tighten it, much less tighten it violently.
Electron-spin dynamics in GaAs-based heterostructures was investigated in the presence of a negative external bias.
Most agreed that many times lower expectations were placed upon them by their peers and sometimes faculty because they are women, a negative external self-concept motivation factor.
Under Keynesian closure rule, aggregate investment is exogenously determined and it is the sum of private savings, the government deficit and the current account deficit that adjusts to equal the value of investment when there is a negative external shock.
In this setting, a negative external shock from the domestic viewpoint such as a fall in foreign savings sets up an implausible negative investment increase in the economy in order to match the value of total savings.
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Under the influence of a positive or negative external electrical field either protonated or negatively charged analyte ions moved towards a detector (Faraday-plate), respectively.
This militates against achieving key results and there is a risk of negative external perceptions and loss of credibility.
On the other hand, standard marketing techniques were sometimes compared to nudges, but people readily distinguished marketing as a source of negative external influence, because unlike nudges, the targeted behaviors by marketing techniques were not always in the interests or advantage of the consumers.
Having positive external wealth means a country is a net lender (or creditor) in the world economy, while negative external wealth indicates a net borrower (or debtor).
Negative external effects occur when an economic activity conducted by a country yields damages to its neighbouring country (or countries).
It also explores whether an interactive use of MCS during an economic crisis influences the perception of negative external crisis effects.
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