(That campaign failed, but a narrower amendment to the Arizona constitution defining marriage as "a union of one man and one woman" passed two years later).
The underlying dispute is a narrow First Amendment challenge brought by Citizens United, a nonprofit group that wanted to show an anti-Hillary Clinton movie on a video-on-demand service during the primary season.
Cruz wrote: "For example, although arguing for a narrow construction of the amendment, Professor Laurence Tribe has squarely concluded that the second amendment provides a 'right (admittedly of uncertain scope) on the part of individuals to possess and use firearms in the defense of themselves and their homes'".
"Is it a broad protection against nonconsensual debt restructurings, or a narrow protection against majority amendment of certain 'core terms'?" she asked.
The majority's three other justices admit that the Eighth Amendment has a "narrow proportionality principle," but they believe it prohibits "only extreme sentences that are 'grossly disproportionate' to the crime".
The Court could take a narrow view of the 14th Amendment, applying it only to rights associated with same-sex marriage, or it could take a broader interpretation, labeling LGBTs a "suspect class" - legalese for a group that has historically been discriminated against, and that therefore any actions regarding it are subject to "strict scrutiny" to determine whether there is discrimination involved.
In July, by a narrow vote, the House of Representatives defeated an amendment to restrict the N.S.A.'s phone-tracking program.
On Tuesday, Coloradans favored Hillary Clinton by a narrow majority, and they endorsed an amendment that will raise the minimum wage by more than forty per cent.
Moreover, Black took a narrow view of what constituted "speech" under the First Amendment; for him, "conduct" did not deserve the same protections that "speech" did.
On many occasions, these Justices had said that they believed in the preëminence of states' rights, in a narrow conception of the equal-protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, and, above all, in judicial restraint.
