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Bar coater 08, coating rods are used primarily to apply a variety of coatings or emulsions to a multitude of substrates.
At the moment, it is not well understood how the activation of such a ubiquitous pathway, with a multitude of substrates, can have the very specific cellular outcomes observed in a variety of cellular model systems.
Akt contributes to malignant transformation and/or tumor progression by acting on a multitude of substrates (for recent reviews see refs. 4, 26- 28) including IKKα, Bad, caspase-9, and forkhead transcription factors.
However, chymases are relatively promiscuous in terms of cleavage specificity, and they have the capacity to cleave a multitude of substrates and can even cleave the same substrate at multiple positions.
The GST family of enzymes comprises a long list of cytosolic, mitochondrial, and microsomal proteins which are capable of multiple reactions with a multitude of substrates, both endogenous and xenobiotic.
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In this way, RSK proteins link MAPK signaling to a multitude of substrate proteins.
14-3-3 proteins play diverse physiological roles and interact with a multitude of substrate proteins during normal development and adulthood [ 25, 26].
Indeed, in addition to TSC2, AMPK has a multitude of direct substrates, many of which are also involved in metabolism control [ 11, 14].
These molecular chaperones transiently interact with a multitude of diverse substrates, or clients, by binding exposed hydrophobic regions of partially folded or unfolded proteins.
In vitro experiments have revealed a multitude of possible substrates (including TNF alpha, indicating sheddase activity), but the physiological relevance is unclear [reviewed in Sohail et al. (2008)].
Caspases are key effector proteins in apoptosis that initiate systemic structural disassembly in dying cells and have a multitude of intracellular substrates (Review [ 56]).
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