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Where studies have included controls, often only within-group comparisons are reported, rather than considering changes in outcomes in exercisers in the context of changes in the control group [ 13]: Using the latter approach allows consideration of any measurement effect and would yield a more valid measure of the efficacy of such interventions.
LSOA geographies comprise smaller population units of more consistent size and homogeneous population than ward geographies, and therefore should provide a more valid measure of a woman's SES, being less prone to measurement error.
By comparing "objective" and "perceived" chances of winning, the paper concludes that the third approach provides a more valid measure of voters' expectations.
Several repeated assessments are shown to be a more valid measure of pain intensity than a single assessment [35].
This is a more valid measure of welfare benefits when there is uncertainty about which product will be chosen.
The outcome was that ELTS was regarded as a more valid measure of language proficiency and superior to its criterion measures.
Similar(43)
Based on Guy's [ 15] notion on the role of memory when using CGI-I we expected that difference scores for CGI-S were the more valid measure.
A within context analysis, therefore, produces more valid measures of association than a between context analysis, the latter being confounded by unmeasured factors not controllable by traditional multiple regression modelling.
In contrast, the CPT codes may be a more valid predictive measure because they capture more subtle elements that correspond with a need for hospitalization, and these elements may not be adequately captured using the ICD9-CM codes featured in the modified-NYU measure.
It would be an advantage to assess such effects using more valid measures like unannounced standardized patients [ 16, 17] or vignettes [ 18, 19].
Conclusion: Because the visual inspection and scapular stabilized techniques control for accessory scapulothoracic motion, these techniques may represent more valid measures of glenohumeral motion than the standard technique.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com