"There are many artists who are interested in space, but we were looking for those who had a serious desire to connect with the aerospace industry". It is a desire, the curators emphasize, that has grown more viable in recent decades, as the prospect of space travel evolves from a monopolistic state-sponsored operation, an assertion of national identity, into a field of private enterprise.
One complaint in Portugal is that the monopolistic state of some service industries serves only to reinforce existing imbalances.
While the regime did not restore the guilds outright, for example, it reimposed restrictive or even monopolistic state regulation on such occupational groups as publishers and booksellers, the Parisian building trades, attorneys, barristers, notaries, and doctors.
Mr Hu can say that the consumption ratio rose in 2011 and in the first nine months of 2012.Consumption has lagged partly because China's capital-intensive, monopolistic state-owned enterprises (SOEs) have raked in profits rather than driving down prices or bidding up wages.
The typical framework in the European railway industry in the past century was the presence of monopolistic state-owned companies in all countries.
It's an interesting startup story in a monopolistic space.
Since then, the pendulum has swung back to strong state involvement, with quasi-monopolistic state enterprises crowding out private enterprise.
It also means that the EU must pursue vigorously its antitrust case against Gazprom, which operates as a monopolistic arm of the Russian state, not a normal firm.A third round of sanctions is also needed.
Moreover, the state is itself a monopolistic organization.
This means that Chinese state-owned companies that enjoy a monopolistic position at home can now pursue ambitious international expansions and compete with global corporate giants.
