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Based on these observations, it has been suggested that cells cultured on substrates having a modulus equal to or greater than that of stiff gels are in a state of isometric contraction.
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In NVIS conditions, this combiner with weighing factors equal to +/−j appears as an optimal polarization filter: one circularly polarized incoming wave induces one of the output signals with a modulus doubled if compared to each individual acquisition and the other with a modulus equal to zero, the respective role of x1 t) and x2 t) depending on the sense of rotation.
The cylinder shows isotropic material properties with a Young modulus equal to 104.4 GPa and a Poisson ratio equal to 0.3.
Addition of 6% inulin reduced the clotting time by approximately 26% and the time at which the gel reached a storage modulus equal to 30 Pa by approximately 36%.
In such cases, fluid elements are characterized by a volumetric elastic modulus equal to the fluid bulk modulus (or fluid compressibility); with a negligible shear resistance and Poisson constant being nearly 0.5 to simulate the fluid flow more reliable.
Using an elastic modulus equal to 37 GPa, which was obtained from the elastic modulus growth curve in time provided by EC2 for a concrete in between classes C55/67 and C60/75 at 14 days, the numerical simulation provides vertical displacements equal to 12-17-21 mm in the monitored points.
In detail, at the levels with a square plan the adopted density is 2485 kg/m3 and the Young's modulus is 18,270 MPa, while at the top of the tower where the transversal section changed, it has been adopted a density equal to 2600 kg/m3 and a Young's modulus equal to 3200 MPa.
The reinforcement was assumed to have a post-yield modulus equal to 2% of the elastic modulus.
The scaffolds placed in the chondrogenic medium for eight weeks were found to have a Young's modulus equal to that of native hyaline cartilage.
In order to analyze in a more generic way how the different directions of the electric field affect the GICs generated in the network, we applied a synthetic electric field of modulus equal to 1 V/km in all directions.
PEN/carbon resulted the best performing system at each testing temperature (flexural modulus equal to 38.8 GPa, flexural strength equal to 714 MPa at 20 °C).
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