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A modified forest nutrient cycling and biomass model (ForNBM) was used to simulate N removal, and the modified net primary productivity (NPP) module was driven by remote sensing image time series.
Unfortunately, patterns in a modified forest plot can only indicate (qualitative) subgroup effects.
In empirical meta-analyses subgroup effects can lead to patterns in a modified forest plot as well, as is illustrated by the following clinical example.
A modified forest plot, including an additional (vertical) axis indicating the proportion of the subgroup variable (e.g., the proportion of bilateral otitis), may be helpful to identify clinically relevant subgroup effects.
The ITTO definition states that management results in a modified forest structure or species composition, whereas the FRA and UNFCCC definitions do not define an outcome or add any qualifier to it.
If the included studies, however, had reported the proportion of bilateral otitis, indications for the differential treatment effect found in the IPD meta-analysis could already have been suggested in a meta-analysis on the aggregated data (i.e., by constructing a modified forest plot).
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Hence, based on the modified forest plot a differential treatment effect for children with and without bilateral otitis is suggested.
In conclusion, the modified forest plot is a qualitative, visual alternative to assess the potential for a clinical relevant subgroup effects.
The modified forest plot is a qualitative, visual, and easy-to-interpret alternative for exploring potential clinically relevant subgroup effects in studies included in aggregated data meta-analyses and should be considered when exploring such effects.
Clearly, in the modified forest plot the data have a certain pattern, which may indicate a differential treatment effect among men and women, i.e., modification of the treatment effect by sex.
For example, Latin palūdem "swamp" became padūlem and then pădure in Romanian and pyll in Albanian, both with a modified meaning, "forest".
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