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However, only the personal history of breast biopsy demonstrated a modest confounding effect on the relation between FHLBC and the incidence of breast cancer (Table 3).
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However, there is scope for selection biases and residual confounding such that even modest confounding could alter the apparent significance of a small effect.
Vague words such as "associated impact" and "long term" purposefully confound a modest revenue recognition question with a much bigger problem.
Without a severity assessment tool validated to predict the need for admission in bronchiolitis, unmeasured but uneven distribution of factors that influence disposition can confound a modest, yet important treatment effect.
After confounding adjustment, a modest increase in risk for fracture was noted with RA (hazard ratio 1.26, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.38).
These findings may be explained as chance findings or a result of residual confounding, although we cannot exclude a modest association.
Use of the alternative reference group resulted in a modest increase in the estimated odds ratio; this result implies that confounding by indication actually served to attenuate the original association.
The budget provided a modest £1.7bn stimulus to an economy Hammond said had continued to "confound the commentators with robust growth" but he hinted at further measures in the autumn statement.
Therefore, there might be some inevitable measurement errors and possible uncontrolled confounding factors when assessing tea consumption; this could prevent the detection of a modest association between tea consumption and cancer risk.
The authors found a modest effect of breast feeding on upward social mobility but cautioned against the possibility of residual confounding.
We found a modest change in the hazard ratios (HR) between models 1 and 2, indicating a modest amount of confounding by disease co-morbidity and education.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com