It also identifies student's prior exposure to active learning as a moderating variable and tests for its impact on the learning outcome from visualization by varying this variable across the two experiments.
Second, to account for age as a moderating variable, a multiple weighted linear meta-regression was performed using mean IQ of samples as dependent variable and publication year as well as mean age of samples as predictor variables.
According to Fagan [ 9], alcohol consumption provides a "provocative context" for violence, rather than a direct cause, whereas another study proposes alcohol consumption as a moderating variable with a conditioning and reinforcing role in explaining aggressive behaviour [ 10].
Since place of residence is viewed as a moderating variable in this paper, we tested interactions between place of residence and the background factors (for example age, educational level, ethnicity, and wealth status).
Baseline self-efficacy also had significant interactions with randomization and appears to be a moderating variable, suggesting that lower baseline self-efficacy was associated with better outcomes.
As in our study, the authors concluded that there was no evidence that socioeconomic status was a moderating variable, although a sub-group analysis may have lacked power to detect a difference, should it have existed.
It explored neighbourhood social cohesion and trust as a moderating variable in the influence of neighbourhood social disadvantage on changes in self-esteem in adolescents between a baseline (mean age = 11.2) and follow-up (mean age = 13.5) measurement.
Conceptually, slum residence can be viewed as a moderating variable, which intensifies or attenuates the effects of background characteristics such as current age, sex, economic status, and education level to influence the proximate determinants of HIV status (see Fig. 1).
The finding that CRF is inversely associated with metabolic risk has been previously shown [ 24, 25]; however, given that PA serves as a moderating variable, the extent to which CRF may impact metabolic risk is often debated.
