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This indicates that the presence of a moderate problem in this area is sufficient to affect SQOL significantly.
Moreover, a moderate problem in the social needs category is enough to predict a negative SQOL – which is a key finding as most studies have essentially focused on the importance of unmet needs (or serious problems).
In comparison, the mean (SD) health rating of adult patients with HIV was 80 (17), [ 36] and a representative general population sample of adults in the United Kingdom – 42% of whom reported a moderate problem in at least one dimension of their functional health – had a mean health rating of 83 (17).
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Moreover, the variation has to constitute at least a moderate problem and the respondent must feel worst in a winter month (November, December, January, February).
Notably, children were more likely to engage in AST if school principals perceived that crime was a major or moderate problem in the school neighbourhood.
Again, if administrators perceived that crime was a major or moderate problem in the school neighbourhood, children were more likely to use AST (OR = 3.34; 95% CI = 1.34-8.32).
If administrators perceived that crime was a major or moderate problem in the school neighbourhood children were more likely to engage in AST than if crime was not perceived as a problem (OR = 5.99; 95% CI = 1.24-28.87).
It is worth pointing out that in the European single summary index of the EQ-5D, moderate problems with self-care have the highest aggregated coefficient among all moderate problems in the EQ-5D dimensions, i.e. a high impact on the perceived individual health state [ 38].
There was a difference in the distribution of moderate problems in our sample (9.0%) and Kind et al. study [ 32] (18.3%).
In contrast to the British EQ-5D index, the German EQ-5D index is insensitive to a change from level 1 ("no problems") to level 2 ("moderate problems") in the dimension "anxiety/depression" due to omitted regression coefficients.
A further possible reason is that severe (or even mild or moderate) problems in early childhood are not present to the children as they forgot them or were too young to memorize.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com