38 41 In general, pollution plumes consist of a mixture of different particulate sources and sizes, making assessments of their contributions to health complicated.
DE is a complex mixture of particulate and gaseous pollutants that comprise a substantial and biologically active fraction of urban ambient air pollution (Health Effects Institute 1995) and is a very appropriate experimental model exposure, especially with the current interest in traffic-related air pollution.
PICs released from solid fuel combustion are a complex mixture of particulate and gaseous species.
Traffic emissions contain a complex mixture of particulate matter (PM), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of sulphur (SOx), unburned hydrocarbons, and other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) [ 1].
Diesel exhaust is a complex mixture of particulate matter (PM) and gases and includes particles ≤ 1.0 μm diameter (PM1) with mutagenic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) carcinogenic compounds adsorbed to a carbon core and ultrafine particles made up of condensed organics (Kittelson et al. 2002).
Analysis of settled WTC dust samples collected 5 and 6 days postcollapse from areas east of the WTC revealed a complex mixture of particulate matter and combustion/pyrolysis products, composed mostly of building debris fibers (e.g., mineral wool, fiberglass, asbestos, wood, paper, cotton) contaminated with polycyclic hydrocarbons (Landrigan et al. 2004; Lioy et al. 2002).
In the current study, we investigated whether oral immunization with a mixture of soluble and particulate OVA plus CpG ODN and polyphosphazene adjuvants could promote oral immunity.
The possible reason for this difference is that people in rural areas are used to staying indoors during winter, and hence are likely to have higher exposure to a complex pollutant mixture of particulate matter (PM) and other toxic compounds [ 43] associated with cigarette and biomass fuels or coals use for heating and cooking [ 44].
In Studies I III test animals were exposed to different test media containing Ag, presumably as a mixture of dissolved (Ag+) and particulate Ag (AgNPs).
