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Interestingly, photoablation of a minute volume of the cell caused no obvious structural changes immediately following laser ablation.
Animals were mechanically ventilated with a minute volume of 140 mL/min (Ugo Basile 7025 ventilator), and initial values of parameters recorded for ∼25 min after stabilization.
Assuming a minute volume of 36 mL and deposition fraction 0.2, the cumulative inhaled TiO2 dose was 154 μg per mouse.
Besides, 1000-fold parallelism is another great problem in handling such a minute volume of solution even if robotics could be employed.
A plausible explanation is that during IPPV the pigs required a minute volume of 9.9 L·min−1 for normoventilation (Table 1), which is a value far above that achievable with the DE 5.
The level of pressure support applied, determined during preliminary studies, allowed a minute volume of 200 ± 10 mL/minute (respiratory rate of 80 ± 10 breaths per minute and FiO2 of 21%).
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A laryngeal mask was inserted, and after the correct positioning was verified, the lungs were ventilated with a fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) of 0.5 and a minute volume (MV) of 74 mL/min/kg at a ventilation frequency of 10/min in volume controlled mode (IPPV).
In a previous in vitro study, the DE 5, driven by an oxygen flow of 15 L·min−1, achieved a calculated minute volume of 7.1 L·min−1 through a TC in a lung model at a compliance of 30 mL·cm H2O−1 (similar to that of the pigs in our study).
Hedley et al. used a respiratory minute volume of 1 m/h in line with light physical work [ 99].
Tidal volume of approximately 760 mL and expiratory time of approximately 8 s, which resulted in a calculated minute volume of approximately 4.0 L/min, were obtained with UAR at 2.5 mm ID.
In this study, tidal volume of approximately 140 mL and expiratory time of approximately 1 s, resulting in a calculated minute volume of 4.5 L/min, were obtained with UAR at 6.0 mm ID.
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