Manmade protein design is founded on the concept that a protein with minimal evolutionary complexity is a viable scaffold for incorporating simple engineering elements responsible for function in natural proteins and enzymes.
Importantly, the model requires not merely that the same bacterial species be present in different adult lizards, but specifically the same strain, with minimal evolutionary divergence (reflecting a recent common demographic history).
Moreover, much of an organism's protein coding genes are lowly expressed and thus minimal evolutionary pressure has been present to drive efficient natural evolution and optimization [ 11, 28].
Molecular quasispecies are minimal evolutionary units able to evolve coherently and to adapt to environmental changes sufficiently fast to ensure survival.
Interestingly, despite the minimal evolutionary distance among the pseudogenes found in clade 4, these mutations all appear to have originated independently by unique frameshift mutations.
In some respects, the C domain alone or in combination with the T domain can be considered the minimal evolutionary unit for NRPSs, as T-C units clearly occur in the absence of A domains.
Being on the outer rim of the metabolic network they could be subjected to minimal evolutionary constraints for conserving network topology and could be directly subjected to various evolutionary pressures by the changing environments and thus evolve fast.
Thirdly, it could be that speciation events do not always match morphological differences, indicating that rapid changes in morphology can occur with minimal evolutionary change (Adams et al. 2002).
Maximum-parsimony trees (phylogenetic trees based on finding the simplest or minimal evolutionary change between strains) were built by using Bionumerics, and reproducibility was tested by performing 1,000 bootstraps.
One feature of our results that underscores the trade-off inherent in the choice of harvest regimes is that, regardless of the harvest's size-selectivity, less intense harvesting caused minimal evolutionary change (Fig. 4), but also resulted in low yields (Fig. 6).
