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The latter is assumed to be independently and identically distributed with a mean of zero.
The raw data were standardized to have a mean of zero and standard deviation of one.
The resulting scores exhibit a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one.
Trade variables are standardized to a mean of zero and variance of 1 for ease of interpretation.
For these analyses, the ESCS measure was standardized to a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one.
Export share is standardized to a mean of zero and variance of 1 for ease of interpretation.
The residues follow a specified distribution with a mean of zero and standard deviation of ( sqrt{SSE/df} ).
The resulting sum is itself a standardized score with a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one.
The trade variables are standardized to a mean of zero and variance of one for ease of interpretation.
The random disturbance term (ε i ) is assumed to be normally distributed with a mean of zero.
The input function (primary m-sequence) was balanced to have a mean of zero.
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